Primary Source 1:
Industrial Manchester, Friederick Engels
Manchester lies at the foot of the southern slope of a range of hills, which stretch hither from Oldham, their last peak, Kersall moor, being at once the racecourse and the Mons Sacer of Manchester. Manchester proper lies on the left bank of the Irwell, between that stream and the two smaller ones, the Irk and the Medlock, which here empty into the Irwell. On the left bank of the Irwell, bounded by a sharp curve of the river, lies Salford, and farther westward Pendleton; northward from the Irwell lie Upper and Lower Broughton; northward of the Irk, Cheetham Hill; south of the Medlock lies Hulme; farther east Chorlton on Medlock; still farther, pretty well to the east of Manchester, Ardwick. ... This arises chiefly from the fact, that by unconscious tacit agreement, as well as with outspoken conscious determination, the workingpeople's quarters are sharply separated from the sections of the city reserved for the middle-class; . . .
This source comes from the PSI from the textbook Traditions and Encounters 4th edition.
This source comes from Fredrich Engels coauthor of the Communist Manifesto. Basically here he is arguing that socialism is the ONLY answer to solving the problems of the lower class who are struggling. Since he was not advocate for capitalism his bias can be seen that he is trying to convince people that communism is the only solution.
Primary Source 2:
I was eleven years old when I went to work in the mill. They learnt me to knit. Well, I was so little that they had to build me a box to get up on to put the sock in the machine. I worked in the hosiery mill for a long time and, well, then we finally moved back to the country. But me and my sister Molly finally went back up there in 1910 and I went to work in the silk mill. Molly went to work in the hosiery mill. . . . We worked twelve hours a day for fifty cents. When paydays come around, I drawed three dollars. That was for six days, seventy-two hours. I remember I lacked fifty cents having enough to pay my board.
Bertha Miller
Thomasville, N.C.
This source comes from Smithsonian Source "Hard Times Cotton Mills Girls"
This source comes from Bertha Miller who worked as a child during the Industrial Revolution. She discussed the migration from the city to the country that she has experienced. Although many people tend to associate the Industrial Revolution with positive things she contends this. Horrible working conditions limited the workers abilities. Her bias in this is that she as a worker herself and is addressing her audience which would be the people living in this time as part of the upper classes who don't seem to see these events occuring.